Review of Biogas Technology Applications in Developing Countries for Climate ChangeMitigation

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive review of the application of biogas technology across sixty developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America, Eurasia and the Middle East from 2015 to 2023. The primary objective was to evaluate progress in mitigating climate change through waste diversion from landfills and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. The evaluation was focused on energy generation from biogas during the period of study. Findings indicate that Asia emerged as the leading continent in energy generation through biogas, while Africa, Eurasia, the Middle East, and parts of Latin America were in early stages of adopting biogas technology. Notably, no energy generation from biogas was reported in several countries, including Nigeria, Mali, and Ghana (Africa); Lao PDR, Timor-Leste, and Sri Lanka (Asia); Palestine (Middle East); and Bolivia (Latin America). The study reports the various constraints limiting biogas production, digestate utilization, and energy generation in these regions, and offers recommendations to address them effectively.